Methods for the preparation of Benzotriazole herbicidal agents

ABSTRACT

This invention is directed to certain substituted aryloxy benzotriazole compounds which are herbicidal agents. The invention is further directed to methods for the preparation of the aryloxy benzotriazole compounds.

This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08/152,799, filed Nov. 15, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,428,003, which is a divisional of application Ser. No. 07/415,953, filed Oct. 5, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,324,711, which, in turn, is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/266,545, filed Nov. 3, 1988, abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Certain heteroaromatic diphenyl ethers are disclosed as herbicidal agents in European Patent Publication No. 178,708. The publication discloses certain substituted phenoxy benzoheteroaromatic compounds such as benzotriazoles, benzoxadiazoles, benzothiadiazoles, benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles as herbicides. It has now been found that when aryloxy benzotriazoles are substituted at the N¹ position by certain substituted alkyl moieties, an unexpectedly increased level of herbicidal activity is obtained.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to certain substituted aryloxy benzotriazole compounds that are highly effective as herbicidal agents. The present invention is also directed to methods for preparing the aryloxy benzotriazole compounds.

The aryloxy benzotriazole compounds of the present invention have the structure: ##STR1## wherein the benzotriazole portion of the formula I compound is substituted by aryloxy in the 5 or 6 position;

M is C--X, N, or N⁺ --O⁻.

W, X, Y, and Z are each independently hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁ -C₄ haloalkyl or C₁ -C₄ haloalkoxy;

n is 0, 1 or 2;

R is hydrogen, C₁ -C₄ alkyl, aryl or when taken together with R₁, R and R₁ may form a ring in which RR₁ are represented by the structure --(CH₂)_(m) -- where m is an integer of 2, 3, 4 or 5;

R₁ and R₂ are each independently hydrogen, C₁ -C₄ alkyl or when taken together R₁ and R₂ may form a ring in which R₁ R₂ are represented by the structure --(CH₂)_(m) where m is an integer of 2, 3, 4 or 5;

R₃ is cyano, ##STR2## CH₂ OR₈ or CH(OR₉)₂ ; Q is OH, OR₄ or NR₅ R₆ ;

A is O, NOR₅, NCOR₅, NNR₅ R₆ or NNHCONH₂ ;

R₇ is hydrogen, C₁ -C₄ alkyl or aryl;

R₈ is hydrogen or C₁ -C₄ alkyl;

R₉ is C₁ -C₄ alkyl;

R₄ is C₁ -C₆ alkyl optionally interrupted by O or S or optionally substituted with C₁ -C₄ alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, C₃ -C₆ cycloalkyl, furyl, or optionally substituted phenyl; C₃ -C₆ alkenyl optionally substituted with one or two C₁ -C₃ alkoxy, halogen, substituted phenyl or C₃ -C₆ cycloalkyl; C₃ -C₆ alkynyl optionally substituted with C₁ -C₄ alkoxy or halogen; C₃ -C₆ cycloalkyl; ammonium; C₁ -C₆ dialkylammonium; C₁ -C₆ trialkylammonium; a metal cation; or a moiety of formula ##STR3## R₅ and R₆ each independently represent hydrogen, C₁ -C₆ alkyl, phenyl or halophenyl; the benzotriazole N-oxides and N-methosulfates; and when R₁ or R₂ is C₁ -C₄ alkyl, the optical isomers thereof.

Surprisingly, it has been found that the substituted aryloxy benzotriazoles are herbicidal agents, which exhibit control of a broad spectrum of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. The compounds are effective at low application rates for controlling weeds indigenous to both dry and wet land areas.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A preferred group of the substituted aryloxy benzotriazoles of the present invention are illustrated by above formula I, wherein the benzotriazole is substituted in the 6 position by aryloxy; M is C--X; X, Y, and Z each independently represent Cl, F, or CF₃ ; W is hydrogen; n is O; R and R₁ are each independently hydrogen or methyl; and R₃ is C₁ -C₄ carboalkoxy or carboxy.

Compounds of formula I (wherein the benzotriazole is substituted in the 5 or 6 position) or formula II are prepared as shown below in flow diagram I wherein B is halogen and M, W, Y, Z, n, R, R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as hereinabove described for formula I and II with the proviso that at least one of R or R₁ is hydrogen. ##STR4##

The appropriately substituted halobenzene is reacted with m-nitrophenol to give the phenyl ether III which is then nitrated to give compound IV, which in turn is reduced to give the diamino compound, V. The compound V is ring closed in the presence of sodium nitrite and the resultant phenoxy benzotriazole, VI, is reacted with a haloalkyl electrophile to yield compounds of formula I and II as shown above wherein at least one of R or R₁ is hydrogen.

Alternatively, the compounds of formula I, wherein the benzotriazole is substituted in position 6, are prepared as shown below in flow diagram II. ##STR5##

The appropriately substituted dinitro compound (IV) is reacted with an amine nucleophile to give compounds of formula VII. Reduction of VII affords the diamine VIII, which is ring-closed through the agency of sodium nitrite to afford compounds of formula I, wherein the aryloxy group is attached to position 6 of the benzotriazole. This method of preparation is most effectively carried out when n is O and R₃ is CH(OR₉)₂.

Another method useful for preparing compounds of formula I wherein the benzotriazole is substituted in position 6 is shown in flow diagram III. ##STR6##

The appropriately substituted halobenzene is reacted with the 6-hydroxy benzotriazole compound IX to give compounds of formula I.

The intermediate 6-hydroxy benzotriazole compound IX wherein when n is O, R₃ is CH(OR₉)₂ is prepared as shown in flow diagram IV. ##STR7##

The amine nucleophile as hereinabove described is reacted with 4-benzyloxy-2-halo-nitrobenzene to give the intermediate compound X. Reduction of compound X in the presence of Raney Nickel affords the diamine XI which is ring closed using nitrous acid to give the benzotriazole compound XII. Reductive cleavage of the benzyl group yields the intermediate 6-hydroxy benzotriazole compound IX.

Advantageously, it has been found that the above-described process illustrated in flow diagrams III and IV is most effectively carried out for those formula I compounds wherein n is O and R₃ is carboxy when the amine nucleophile is protected as the dialkyl acetal of the corresponding aminoaldehyde. Subsequent hydrolysis and oxidation of the thus-obtained 6-aryloxy benzotriazole intermediate XIII affords compounds of formula I wherein n is O and R₃ is carboxy. An example of this process is shown in flow diagram V wherein the dimethyl acetel of an aminoacetaldehyde is used as the amine nucleophile. ##STR8##

The formula I and II aryloxy benzotriazoles of the present invention are useful for the control of a wide variety of herbaceous and woody, annual and perennial, monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. These compounds are effective in controlling the above-said plants when applied to the foliage thereof or to soil, or water, containing seeds or propagating organs of said plants such as tubers, rhizomes, or stolons at rates of about 0.005 to 5.0 kg/ha and preferably at rates of about 0.01 to 4.0 kg/ha.

Among the plants which may be controlled with the compounds of this invention are Abutilon theophrasti, Sesbania exaltata, Ipomoea Sp., Sida spinosa, Cassia obtusifolia, Setaria glauca, Sorghum halepense, and Echinocholoa crusgalli.

The formula I compounds are applied in agronomically acceptable carriers which are formulated as wettable powders, dust concentrates, granular formulations, suspension concentrates, microemulsions, emulsifiable concentrates, solutions, emulsions and the like.

Wettable powders are prepared by grinding together about 20% to 45% by weight of a finely divided solid carrier such as kaolin bentonite, diatomaceous earth, attapulgite, or the like, 45% to 80% by weight of the active compound, 2% to 5% by weight of a dispersing agent such as sodium lignosulfate, and 2% to 5% by weight of a nonionic surfactant such as octylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol, nonylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol or the like.

A typical emulsifiable concentrate is prepared by dissolving about 5% to 25% by weight of the active compound in about 65% to 90% by weight of a carrier such as N-methylpyrrolidone, isophorone, butyl cellosolve, methyl acetate or the like and dispersing therein about 5% to 10% by weight of a nonionic surfactant such as an alkylphenoxy polyethoxy alcohol. This concentrate is dispersed in water for application as a liquid spray.

Preparation of a granular formulation is achieved by dissolving the active compound in a solvent such as methylene chloride, N-methylpyrrolidone, or the like and spraying the thus-prepared solution on a granular carrier such as corncob grits, sand, attapulgite or kaolin. The granular product, thus-prepared, generally comprises about 3% to 20% by weight of the active compound and about 97% to 80% by weight of the granular carrier.

In order to facilitate a further understanding of the invention, the following examples are presented primarily for the purpose of illustrating certain more specific details thereof. The invention is not to be deemed limited thereby except as defined in the claims. Unless otherwise noted, all parts are by weight, all temperatures are expressed as degrees centigrade, NMR designates proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and HPLC designates high pressure liquid chromatography.

EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of 3-chloro-5-fluoro-4-(3-nitrophenoxy)benzotrifluoride ##STR9##

A mixture of 36.7 g of 3-nitrophenol, 54.1 g of 3,4-difluoro-5-chlorobenzotrifluoride, and 41.5 g of powdered potassium carbonate in 300 mL dimethylsulfoxide is stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, then at 50° C. for 51/2 hours. The mixture is cooled, poured onto 1L of water and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic phase is washed thoroughly with water, dried, and concentrated in vacuo to give 81.1 g of a residue, which is an isomeric mixture. Chromatography on silica gel using 7:3 hexane-ether as eluant affords 72.7 g of the desired product; HPLC analysis indicates >90% purity.

EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of 3-chloro-5fluoro-4-(3,4-dinitrophenoxy)benzotrifluoride ##STR10##

A solution of 72.7 g of 3-chloro-5-fluoro-4-(3-nitrophenoxy)benzotrifluoride in 200 mL of acetic acid is stirred at 10° C. and 108 g of 13% nitric acid in sulfuric acid is added over a 4 hour period. During the addition, more acetic acid is added so as to keep the reaction homogeneous. The reaction is stirred at room temperature for 21 hours, then 50 mL of acetic. anhydride is added in 3 portions over 3 days with water bath cooling. The final reaction mixture is poured onto ice and extracted with methylene chloride. The combined extracts are washed with water followed by aqueous carbonate, then dried and concentrated in vacuo to give 73.5 g of a residue. This material is dissolved in 50 mL of acetic anhydride and cooled to 0° C. A solution of 8.5 mL of fuming nitric acid in 45 mL sulfuric acid is added alternately with 35 mL of acetic anhydride and 10 mL of acetic acid over a 4 hour period. After stirring for an additional one-half hour, the reaction is poured onto ice and worked up as above to afford 79 g of a residue. Column chromatography of this material on silica gel using hexanechloroform mixtures affords 13.2 g of the title product as an oil, identified by NMR.

EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxyl!-1H-benzotriazole ##STR11##

A mixture of 13.2 g of 3-chloro-5-fluoro-4-(3,4-dinitrophenoxy)benzotrifluoride, 0.3 g of 5% Pd/C and 150 mL of ethanol is shaken in a Parr hydrogenation apparatus under 50 psi of H₂. During the course of the reaction, 0.8 g of 5% Pd/C is added in 2 portions over a 5 hour period. After a total of 23 hours, when the uptake of H₂ appears to cease, the reaction is filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. This residue is dissolved in 100 mL of acetic acid and added, slowly over 3 hours, to a solution of 2.64 g of NaNO₂ in 30 mL of water and 50 mL of acetic acid at 5° C. After stirring at 5° to 20° C. for an additional 11/2 hours, the reaction mixture is concentrated in vacuo to afford the title product, 20.4 g.

EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of methyl 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetate and methyl 5- (2-chloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetate ##STR12##

A mixture of 2.5 g of 6-(2-chloro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-1H-benzotriazole, 1.59 g of methyl bromoacetate, and 2.07 g of powdered potassium carbonate in 30 mL of dimethylformamide is stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The mixture is concentrated in vacuo, and the resultant residue is partitioned between methylene chloride and water. The organic phase is washed with water, dried, and concentrated in vacuo, and this residue, which contains a mixture of alkylated products, is purified by HPLC using hexane-methyl-t-butyl ether as eluant to afford 0.92 g of Ia as a gum, 97.6% pure by HPLC, identified by NMR, and 0.74 g of Ib as a gum, 96.2% pure by HPLC, identified by NMR.

Using essentially the same procedure, and substituting methyl-α-bromopropionate as electrophile, affords 1.05 g of methyl 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetate as a gum of 97.3% purity, identified by NMR; 1.09 g of methyl 5- (2-chloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-2H-benzotriazole-1-acetate as a gum of 93.9% purity, identified by NMR; and 0.77 g of methyl 5- .(2-chloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetate as a gum of 96.0% purity, identified by NMR.

Using essentially the same procedure, and substituting methyl-α-bromopropionate and 5-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-1,2,3-benzotriazole as reactants, affords 0.87 g of methyl 6- (2-chloro-α,-α,α6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetate as a gum, identified by NMR; 1.68 g of methyl 5- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-2H-benzotriazole-1-acetate as a gum, identified by NMR; and 1.38 g of methyl 5- (2-chloro-α,-α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetate as a gum, identified by NMR.

EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of 3-{5- (2-chloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-2-nitroanilino}propionitrile ##STR13##

A solution of 2.8 g of 3-chloro-4-(3,4-dinitrophenoxy)benzotrifluoride and 1.09 g of β-aminopropionitrile in 10 mL acetonitrile is heated at reflux temperature for 8 hours. The solution is concentrated in vacuo, and the residue is dissolved in methylene chloride, washed twice with water, and concentrated in vacuo to give solid residue. Recrystallization from methanol affords the title compound, 3.08 g HPLC indicates 95.7% purity, mass spectral analysis indicates MW 385.

Using essentially the same procedure and substituting 3-chloro-5-fluoro-4-(3,4-dinitrophenoxy)-benzotrifluoride and the appropriate amino alcohol, amino aldehyde, dimethylacetal or amino acid, the following compounds are obtained.

    ______________________________________                                          ##STR14##                                                                     R            R.sub.1       R.sub.3                                             ______________________________________                                         CH.sub.3     H             CH.sub.2 OH                                         CH.sub.3     CH.sub.3      CH.sub.2 OH                                         C.sub.6 H.sub.5 (R-isomer)                                                                  H             CH.sub.2 OH                                         C.sub.6 H.sub.5 (S-isomer)                                                                  H             CH.sub.2 OH                                         CH.sub.3     H             CH(OCH.sub.3).sub.2                                 CH.sub.3     H             CH.sub.2 COOH                                       ______________________________________                                    

The above compounds are identified by NMR analysis.

EXAMPLE 6 Preparation of 3-{6- (2-chloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxyl!}propionitrile ##STR15##

A solution of 3.0 g of 3-chloro-4-(3-β-cyanoethylamino-4-nitrophenoxy)benzotrifluoride in 100 mL absolute methanol containing 0.3 g of 5% Pd/C is shaken in a Parr hydrogenation apparatus, initially at 40 psi H₂, for 5 hours. The resulting mixture is filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude diamine, identified by mass spectral analysis.

This material is dissolved in 40 mL acetic acid, cooled to 5° C., and 0.59 g NaNO₂ dissolved in 5 mL water is added over 4 minutes. The resulting mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue is dissolved in methylene chloride, washed sequentially with aqueous Na₂ CO₃ and water, dried and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title product 2.45 g, as a gum: HPLC analysis indicates 92.8% purity; the product is further identified by mass spectral analysis (MW 366). Using essentially the same procedure and employing the appropriate N-substituted 5- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-2-nitroaniline compound as starting material, the following compounds are obtained.

    ______________________________________                                          ##STR16##                                                                     R           R.sub.1   R.sub.3   mp °C.                                  ______________________________________                                         CH.sub.3    H         CH.sub.2 OH                                                                              gum                                            CH.sub.3    CH.sub.3  CH.sub.2 OH                                                                              132-134                                        C.sub.6 H.sub.5 (R-isomer)                                                                 H         CH.sub.2 OH                                                                              85-86                                          C.sub.6 H.sub.5 (S-isomer)                                                                 H         CH.sub.2 OH                                                                              83-84                                          CH.sub.3    H         CH(OCH.sub.3).sub.2                                                                        90-97.5                                      CH.sub.3    H         CH.sub.2 COOH                                                                            212-215                                        ______________________________________                                    

The above compounds are identified by NMR and elemental analyses.

EXAMPLE 7 Preparation of 2-aminopropionaldehde dimethyl acetal ##STR17##

A mixture of pyruvic aldehyde dimethyl acetal oxime (38 g) and Raney nickel (5.63 g) in methanol is shaken in a Parr hydrogenator under 17-54 psig hydrogen. An additional 5.5 g of Raney nickel is added as needed and hydrogenation at 27-45 psig is continued until about 90% of the theoretical quantity of hydrogen is absorbed. The reaction mixture is filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated by distillation through a 30-cm column. When the distillate boiling point reaches 78° C., 75 ml of absolute ethanol is added and distillation is continued to give a 26 g (78%) fraction boiling at 138°-140° C. A twice-distilled sample of the title compound, bp 98°-100° C. (145 mm), is identified by elemental and NMR analyses.

EXAMPLE 8 Preparation of benzyl 3-chloro-4-nitrophenyl ether ##STR18##

A mixture of 3-chloro-4-nitrophenol (10 g, 0.058 mole), benzyl bromide (11.8 g, 0.069 mole), and potassium carbonate (16 g, 0.116 mole) in acetone is stirred, heated at reflux temperature for 17 hours, cooled and filtered. The filtrate is concentrated in vacuo to give a solid residue which is recrystallized from absolute ethanol to give the title compound, mp 82°-84.5° C., identified by elemental and NMR analyses.

EXAMPLE 9 Preparation of 2- 5-(benzyloxy)-2-nitroanilino!-propionaldehyde dimethyl acetal ##STR19##

A mixture of benzyl 3-chloro-4-nitrophenyl ether (48.2 g, 0.183 mole), 2-aminopropionaldehyde dimethyl acetal (65.3 g, 0.55mole), potassium carbonate (101 g, 0.73 mole) and toluene in dry dimethyl sulfoxide, under nitrogen, is stirred at 99°-105° C. for 20 hours, cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filter cake is washed with ether. The combined filtrates are mixed with ice water. The phases are separated and the aqueous phase is extracted with ether. The ether extracts are combined with the organic phase. The combined organic phase is washed with six portions of water, dried (Na₂ SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil residue which is crystallized in methanol to afford the title product as a yellow solid, 39.6 g (64.5%). A sample is recrystallized from methanol to afford a yellow solid, mp 57°-62° C., identified by elemental and NMR analyses.

EXAMPLE 10 Preparation of 2- 2-amino-5-(benzyloxy)anilino!propionaldehyde dimethyl acetal ##STR20##

A solution of 2- 5-(benzyloxy)-2-nitroanilino!propionaldehyde dimethyl acetal (24.0 g, 0.0715 mole) in tetrahydrofuran is treated with Raney nickel (10 g) and placed in a Parr shaker hydrogenation apparatus under 20.5-37 psig hydrogen at ambient temperature. After the uptake of the theoretical quantity of hydrogen, the mixture is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated in vacuo to afford the title product as a dark-colored syrup. The product is identified by infrared and mass spectral analyses.

EXAMPLE 11 Preparation of 6-(benzyloxy)-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal ##STR21##

A solution of NaNO₂ (34 g, 0.492 mole) in water is added to a cold (3° C.) solution of acetic acid and water. A cold (4° C.) solution of 2- 2-amino-5-(benzyloxy)anilino!-propionaldehyde dimethyl acetal in dimethoxyethane is then added in one portion to the vigorously-stirred NaNO₂ acetic acid solution. The reaction temperature rises to 22° C. The reaction mixture is stirred at 18°-22° C. for 20 minutes, cooled to 5° C., and filtered. The solid filter cake is washed with water and dried at 50° C., to give the title product as a white solid, 75.7 g (65.7%). A sample is recrystallized twice from 1:1 toluene-heptane solution to a white solid, mp 101°-103° C. (sinter 100° C.), identified by elemental and NMR analyses.

EXAMPLE 12 Preparation of 6-(benzyloxy)-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetic acid ##STR22##

A solution of 6-(benzyloxy)-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal (95 g, 0.272 mole) and concentrated sulfuric acid (20 ml) in acetic acid and water is heated at 72° C. for 20 hours, cooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo.

The concentrated solution is diluted with acetone and water and treated with KMnO₄ (140 g) in portions over a three hour period at 18°-30° C. with stirring.

The reaction mixture is decanted and filtered. The filtrate is concentrated in vacuo to remove acetone, diluted with water, cooled in an ice bath, and the resulting precipitate is removed by filtration to give the title product. A sample of this solid is recrystallized twice from aqueous ethanol to afford a white solid, mp 213°-215° C., identified by elemental and NMR analyses.

EXAMPLE 13 Preparation of methyl 6-(benzyloxy)-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetate ##STR23##

A mixture of 6-(benzyloxy)-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetic acid (36.6 g, 0.123 mole) and concentrated sulfuric acid (2.7 ml) in methanol is stirred at reflux temperature for 6 hours, cooled in an ice bath and treated with K₂ CO₃ (25 g). The resulting mixture is stirred vigorously until a thick slurry results, diluted with methylene chloride and filtered. The filtrate is concentrated in vacuo to give a solid residue. Recrystallization of the residue from methanol affords the title product as a white solid, 27 g, mp 88°-91.5° C., identified by NMR and elemental analyses. Another 4.2 g (81.7% total yield) of the title product is obtained from the mother liquor.

EXAMPLE 14 Preparation of methyl 6-hydroxy-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetate ##STR24##

A solution of methyl 6-(benzyloxy)-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetate (31 g, 0.1 mole) in dimethoxyethane and methanol is shaken with 10% palladium on carbon catalyst (8 g, 50% water wet) under 24 -33 psig of hydrogen in a Parr apparatus until approximately 0.1 mole of H₂ is absorbed (21/2 hours). The reaction mixture is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as an off-white solid, 21.7 g, mp 132.5°-134.5° C., identified by NMR and elemental analyses.

EXAMPLE 15 Preparation of methyl α-methyl-6- (2-nitro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetate ##STR25##

A mixture of methyl 6-hydroxy-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetate (2.21 g, 0.01 mole), 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzotrifluoride (2.09 g, 0.01 mole), and K₂ CO₃ (5.5 g, 0.04 mole) in dry dimethyl sulfoxide is stirred at 22° C. for 16 hours, diluted with chloroform and filtered. The filtrate is washed with two portions of water and two portions of saturated aqueous NaCl, dried over Na₂ SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give a gum residue. The residue is crystallized from 60% aqueous ethanol to give 3.8 g of the title product as a yellow solid. A sample is recrystallized twice from 80% aqueous ethanol to give a yellow solid, mp 84.5°-88.2° C., identified by elemental and NMR analyses.

Using essentially the same procedure and substituting the appropriate haloaryl starting material, the following compounds are obtained.

    ______________________________________                                          ##STR26##                                                                     M          W      Y          Z    mp °C.                                ______________________________________                                         CNO.sub.2  Cl     H          CF.sub.3                                                                            107-112                                      CNO.sub.2  H      NO.sub.2   CF.sub.3                                                                            113-122                                      N          H      H          CF.sub.3                                                                            gum                                          N          H      Cl         Cl   gum                                          N.sup.+O.sup.-                                                                            H      H          CF.sub.3                                                                            --                                           N.sup.+O.sup.-                                                                            H      Cl         Cl   --                                           ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 16 Preparation of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetic acid ##STR27##

A solution of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal (23.0 g, 0.053 mole) in acetic acid is treated with 54 ml of 2.5N H₂ SO₄ and heated at 70° C. for 12 hours. A portion of the reaction solution is concentrated, diluted with acetone and treated portionwise, at 25°-38° C., with an aqueous solution of KMnO₄ (23.7 g, 0.15 mole). Addition is continued until a persistent pink color is obtained at 27° C. The reaction mixture is filtered to remove MnO₂ and the filtrate is concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. Addition of water to the thus-obtained residue precipitates the title compound as a pale yellow solid, 16.6 g. A sample is recrystallized twice from 75% aqueous ethanol to afford a crystalline solid, mp 174°-175.5° C., identified by elemental and NMR analyses.

EXAMPLE 17 Preparation of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxyl!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetic acid compound with isopropylamine (1:1) ##STR28##

Isopropylamine (0.5 g, 0.0085 mole) is added to a solution of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetic acid (2.0 g, 0.005 mole) in methylene chloride and the resultant solution is concentrated in vacuo to afford a gum which is dissolved in toluene. The toluene solution is concentrated to afford the title compound as a white solid, mp 103.5°-105.5°, identified by elemental and NMR analyses.

EXAMPLE 18 Preparation of methyl 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α,.alpha.-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetate ##STR29##

A solution of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-β,.beta.-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-ethanol (2.2 g, 0.00545 mole) in acetic acid and water is stirred at 56°-80° C., treated portionwise with solid KMnO₄ (8.5 g, 0.054 mole) over a 3 hour period, cooled and filtered. The filtrate is concentrated in vacuo to give a gum residue. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel with 15% tetrahydrofuran in chloroform to afford a white solid, 1.2 g. The solid is dissolved in methanol, treated with a solution of diazomethane in tetrahydrofuran, heated on a steam bath and concentrated in vacuo to give a solid residue. Chromatography of the residue using silica gel and 5% tetrahydrofuran in carbon tetrachloride as eluant affords the title product as a white solid, 0.65 g, mp 76.8°-80° C., identified by elemental and NMR analyses.

EXAMPLE 19 Preparation of 6- (2.-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetaldehyde ##STR30##

A solution of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal (20 g, 0.046 mole) in acetic acid is treated with 47 ml of 2.5N H₂ SO₄, heated for 12 hours at 70° C., cooled and diluted with water and methylene chloride. The phases are separated and the aqueous phase is extracted with methylene chloride. The combined organic phases are dried (MgSO₄), filtered through a pad of Al₂ O₃, and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a solid, mp 107°-108° C., characterized by elemental and NMR analyses.

EXAMPLE 20 Preparation of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetaldehyde oxime ##STR31##

A solution of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal (23.0 g, 0.053 mole) in acetic acid is treated with 54 ml of 2.5N H₂ SO₄ and stirred at 70° C. for 12 hours. A 15 ml portion of the reaction solution is diluted to a total volume of 100 ml with water, the resulting precipitate is separated, washed with water, treated with a solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.0 g, 0.014 mole) in pyridine and ethanol, heated at 85° C. for several hours, cooled and concentrated in vacuo to give a solid residue. Recrystallization from aqueous ethanol, ethanol and toluene gives the title compound mp 148°-151° C., identified by elemental and NMR analyses.

EXAMPLE 21 Preparation of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetonitrile (I) and 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-toly)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetaldehyde O-acetyloxime (II) ##STR32##

A solution of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetaldehyde oxime (5.0 g, 0.012 mol) in acetic anhydride is allowed to stand at 22° C. for 20 hours and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil residue. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel using chloroform as eluant to afford the title compound (I), 2.0 g, mp 118°-119° C., identified by elemental and NMR analyses and the title compound (II), 2.1 g, mp 95°-97° C., identified by elemental and NMR analyses.

EXAMPLE 22 Preparation of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetaldehyde semicarbazone ##STR33##

A mixture of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetaldehyde (0.0295 mole), semicarbazide hydrochloride (4.0 g, 0.035 mole), and sodium acetate (5.8 g, 0.071 mole) in aqueous ethanol is heated to reflux temperature, cooled and filtered. The solid filter cake is recrystallized from ethanol to give the title compound as a solid, mp 170°-171° C., identified by elemental and NMR analyses.

EXAMPLE 23 Preparation of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-acetaldedhyde (2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazone ##STR34##

A solution of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-acetaldedhyde (0.0294 mole) in ethanol is added to a solution of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (7 g, 0.035 mole) and conc. H₂ SO₄ (35 ml, 0.63 mole) in H₂ O at 50° C., allowed to come to room temperature and filtered. The solid filter cake is recrystallized from aqueous acetic acid and from ethanol to afford the title compound, mp 148°-149° C., identified by elemental and NMR analyses.

EXAMPLE 24 Preparation of (S)-6 (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-toly)oxy!-α-phenyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetaldehyde ##STR35##

A mixture of (S)-6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-β-phenyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-ethanol (1.0 g, 0.0022 mole) in chloroform is treated with MnO₂, (1.0 g, 0.0115 mole) stirred at 40° C. for 18 hours and filtered through a bed of diatomaceous earth. The filtrate is concentrated in vacuo to give a residue which is chromatographed using silica gel and 10% tetrahydrofuran in carbon tetrachloride to yield the title product as a white solid, 0.42 g, mp 84°-85° C., characterized by elemental and NMR analyses.

EXAMPLE 25 Preparation of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl -1H-benzotriazole-1-acetyl chloride ##STR36##

A mixture of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetic acid (2.0 g, 0.005 mole), SOCl₂ (3 ml, 0.04 mole), methylene chloride and dimethylformamide (2 drops) is heated at reflux temperature for 2 hours, cooled and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue and which is chased twice with xylene at 65° C. The resultant residue is identified as the title product by infrared analysis.

EXAMPLE 26 Preparation of N-butyl-6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-.alpha.-methyl-1H-henzotriazole-1-acetamide ##STR37##

A solution of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetyl chloride (0.0084 mole) in toluene is added to n-butylamine (1.22 g, 0.0167 mole) at 22° C., stirred for hour at ambient temperature and filtered. The solid filter cake is recrystallized from aqueous ethanol to afford the title compound as a white solid, mp 142°-143° C., identified by elemental and NMR analyses.

Using essentially the same procedure and substituting the appropriate amine, the following compounds are obtained.

    ______________________________________                                          ##STR38##                                                                     R.sub.5       R.sub.6                                                                               mp °C.                                             ______________________________________                                         H             H      177-178                                                   H             C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                       175.5-176                                                 CH.sub.3      C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                       132-133                                                   C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                              C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                       gum                                                       ______________________________________                                    

The above compounds are identified by NMR analysis.

EXAMPLE 27 Preparation of methylallyl 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetate ##STR39##

A mixture of 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetraflouro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetic acid, thionyl chloride (0.8 ml, 0.011 mole), and 2 drops of dimethylformamide in methylene chloride is heated at reflux temperature for 2 hours, cooled and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue which is re-evaporated four times with toluene at 60° . The resultant residue is treated with 2-methylallyl alcohol and pyridine, shaken until reaction is complete by infrared spectral analysis and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The thus-obtained residue is dissolved in 1% acetonitrile in carbon tetrachloride and filtered through a pad of silica. The filtrate is concentrated in vacuo to give a solid residue. The solid residue is recrystallized from warm heptane to afford the title compound as a white solid, mp 71°-74° C., identified by elemental and NMR analyses.

Using essentially the same procedure and substituting n-hexyl alcohol affords n-hexyl 6- (2-chloro-α,α,α,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl)oxy!-α-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-acetate as a gum, characterized by elemental and NMR analyses.

EXAMPLE 28

Postemergence herbicidal evaluation of test compounds

The postemergence herbicidal activity of the compounds of the present invention is demonstrated by the following tests wherein seeds or tubers of each species are planted 6 to 21 days prior to treatment, depending on the rate of growth of the seedlings. Each species is planted in an individual container and then all species assembled into an 11×11 inch tray for treatment. Planting is timed so that monocot species have 2 to 4 leaves and dicots have cotyledons plus 1 to 3 leaves at treatment. After planting, trays are watered with an overhead mis and/or sub-irrigation to maintain moisture until ready for treatment. After treatment plants are watered by sub-irrigation only during the evaluation period.

In most cases the data are for a single test, but in several instances, they are average values obtained from more than one test.

    ______________________________________                                         Plant Species Used                                                             ______________________________________                                         Velvetleaf         Abutilon theophrasti                                        Oats, cultivated   Avana sativa                                                Sicklepod          Cassia obtusifolia                                          Nutsedge, yellow   Cyperus esculentus                                          Barnyardgrass      Echinochola crusgalli                                       Soybeans           Glycine max                                                 Morningglory       Ipomea Sp.                                                  Sebania, hemp      Sesbania exaltata                                           Foxtail, yellow    Setaria glauca                                              Sida, prickley     Sida spinosa                                                Johnsongrass       Sorghum halapense                                           Corn, cultivated   Zea mays                                                    Lambsquarters      Chenopodium album                                           Jimsonweed         Datura stramonium                                           ______________________________________                                    

    ______________________________________                                         Description of Symptoms                                                        Major     Rating                    Rating                                     Category  Symbol  Subcategory       Symbol                                     ______________________________________                                         Desiccation                                                                              D       a.     New growth occurring                                                                        Z                                        of Tissue         b.     Extreme variation in                                                                        V                                                                 individual plant response                             Inhibition                                                                               I       a.     Break of axillary buds                                                                      X                                                          b.     Bleach or loss of color                                                                     B                                                          c.     Malformed seedlings                                                                         M                                        Abnormal  A       a.     Abnormal leaves                                                                             L                                        Growth            b.     Twisting and bending                                                                        T                                                                 of stems                                                                c.     Elongation of internodes                                                                    E                                                          d.     Rosetting or Shortening                                                                     R                                        Color Change                                                                             C       a.     Loss of green color with                                                                    Y                                                                 yellow appearing tissue                                                 b.     Loss of green color with                                                                    W                                                                 white appearing tissue                                                  c.     Increased red or pink                                                                       P                                                                 pigments with or with-                                                         out loss of green                                     ______________________________________                                         Severity of Injury                                                             Rating                                                                         Scale    Category of Injury                                                    ______________________________________                                         10       No regenerative tissue present                                                                    Death                                              9        No leaves expanded.                                                                               Severe Injury                                      8        Leaves smaller than cotyledons                                                                    Severe Injury                                               or <1 inch                                                            7        Leaves larger than cotyledons                                                                     Severe Injury                                               or >1 inch                                                            6        Normal growth would not be                                                                        Moderate Injury                                             expected                                                              5        Normal growth would not be                                                                        Moderate Injury                                             expected                                                              4        Normal growth would not be                                                                        Moderate Injury                                             expected                                                              3        Temporary (maximum acceptable                                                                     Slight Injury                                               for crops)                                                            2        Superficial (obvious but no                                                                       Slight Injury                                               stunting)                                                             1        Minimum apparent injury                                                                           Slight Injury                                      0        Not different from untreated                                                                      No effect                                                   reference                                                             ______________________________________                                    

The potting media for postemergence testing was either TERRA-LITE®, Metro-Mix 300, 300, from W. R. Grace & Co., Cambridge, Mass., containing peat moss, vermiculite, perlite, composted pine bark, granite sand, and a wetting agent or a custom blend of natural silt loam soil:HYPONEX® top soil:perlite, 1:1:8 (v/v/v), plus 20-20-20 soluble fertilizer equivalent to 1,121 kg/ha.

The test compounds of the invention are dissolved in a solvent system of acetone:methanol: dimethylformamide, 90:8:2 (v/v/v) and the solution is atomized onto the plants at a rate equivalent to 561 L per hectare. Atomizing is accomplished by using air pressure to force the solution through a standard even-fan agricultural spray nozzle. Rate of application is controlled by placing the experimental units on a constant speed belt which carries them under the spray nozzle. After spraying, the plants are placed on greenhouse benches and are cared for in the usual manner commensurate with conventional greenhouse practices. From 1 to 3 weeks after treatment the seedling plants are examined and rated according to the rating system provided below. The data obtained are recorded in Table I below.

    TABLE I                                                                           - Postemergence Tests - Rates in Kg/ha                                            Prick Jimson Sickle Lambs Sesb Velvet Morning Nuts Fox Jhnsn  Barn           Soy                                                                              Compound Rate sida weed pod quart ania leaf gly edge tail grass Oats           yardgr Corn beans                                                                Methyl 6- (2- 5.6040 10D 10D 10D 8D 10D 10D -- 9D 10D 9D 9D 9D 10D 8D             chloro-alpha, 1.1210 10D 9D 9D 10D 10D 10D 81M 1D 10D 9D 9D 10D 9D           10D                                                                              alpha,alpha- 0.5604 10D 10D 10D 10D 10D 10D 10D 3D 10D 9D 9D 10D 10D           10D                                                                              trifluoro-p- 0.1121 10D 10D 9DZ 10D 10D 71D 10D 2D 10D 8D 6D 9D 10D 10D         tolyl)oxy!- 0.0560 10D 10D 10D 10D 10D 10D 10D 3D 10D 7D 5D 7D 10D 10D           alpha-methyl 0.0112 9D 10D 10D 10D 9D 9DZ 10D 2DAL 6D 6ID 2D 51D 10D          10D                                                                              1H-benzotria- 0.0056 7D 10D 10D 10D 8D 10D 10D 0 7I 5D 2I 3I 10D 10D               zole-1-acetate 0.0011 2IAL 51M 5DALZ 10D 3I 1I 4IAIM -- 2I 2I 1ID           3ICY 5IM 10D                                                                      0.0005 2AL 3I 2AL -- 2I 2AL 3AL 0 1D 1I 0 0 3I --                               0.0001 1AL 1I 1AL -- 0 1AL 2AL 0 0 2I 0 0 1I --                               Methyl 6- (2- 1.1210 10D -- 10D -- 10D 10D 10D 10D 10D 10D 10D 10D 10D          10D                                                                              chloro-alpha, 0.1121 10D -- 10D -- 10D 10D 10D 3D 10D 9D 10D 10D 8D 8DZ         alpha,alpha,6- 0.0112 10D -- 10D -- 10D 10D 10D 1D 7D 3D 31 5D 1D 3D               tetrafluoro-p-                                                               tolyl)oxy!-alpha-                                                               methyl-1H-benzo-                                                                triazole-1-                                                                     acetate                                                                        Methyl 6 (2- 1.2100 10D 10D 9D 10D 9D 9D 10D 8D 10D 10D 5DIM 10D -- --             chloro-alpha, 1.1210 9D 10D 9DI 10D 9D 9D 10D 2D 7D 7D 2D 6D -- --               alpha,alpha-tri- 0.5604 5DIM 10D 8DIZ 10D 9D 7DI 10D 1D 7D 5D 2D 5D         -- --                                                                            fluoro-p-tolyl)- 0.1121 6DIM 10D 7DI 10D 9D 5DI 10D 2D 6DI 4DIM 3DAL           4DI -- --                                                                        oxy!-1H-benzo- 0.0560 5I 10D 10D 10D 8D 5I 10D 1D 7I 8D 2I 4I -- --                 triazole-1- 0.0112 3I 9D -- 5I 7I 5I 10D 1I 5I 5I 0 3I  -- --                     acetate                                                                  Methyl 5- (2- 5.6040 10D -- 8IM -- 10D 10D 10D 2CY 10D 10D 10D 10D 5D           10D                                                                              chloro-alpha, 2.2416 10D -- 71M -- 10D 10D 10D 0 10D 10D 4D 10D 1CY 7IM         alpha,alpha,6- 1.1210 10D -- 9DIM -- 10D 10D 10D 2ICY 9D 10D 3D 9D 2CY         5DIM                                                                             tetrafluoro-p- 0.1121 10D -- 5I -- 10D 10D 10D 1I 2D 3D 3D 3D 2D 2AL               tolyl)oxy!-alpha- 0.0112 5AL -- 0 -- 5I 3I 1D 1I 3I 1I 0 0 0 1AL                 methyl-2H-benzo-                                                            triazole-1-acetate                                                             Methyl 5- (2- 5.6040 9DIM 10D 6I 9DI 10D 10D 10D 2DI 9D 9D 7D 9D -- --             chloro-alpha, 2.2416 8IM 9D 3I 9D 8DZ 9DZ 10D 2I 10D 9D 3D 10D -- --           alpha,alpha-tri- 1.1210 8IM 10D 3D 8DIM 8DZ 6D 10D 1D 9D 8D 5D 10D --         --                                                                               fluoro-p-tolyl)- 0.5604 8D 9D 0I 5I 8DZ 7D 9D 0 9D 7D 2D 10D -- --                   oxy!-alpha-methyl- 0.1121 5I 9DIM 2AL 3DI 5I 5IDZ 9DIM 0 6DI 4DI          1D 5D -- --                                                                      2H-benzotriazole- 0.0560 2I 5IM 1I 3I 3I 5DZ 5AL 0 6I 2I 1CY 2CY -- --           1-acetate 0.0112 3AL 2AL 0 0 2I 3AL 5AL -- 4I 5I 1CY 0 -- --                  Methyl 5- (2- 1.1210 10D -- 10D -- 10D 10D 10D 0 8D 8D 5D 8D 0 3AL                     chloro-alpha, 0.5604 10D -- 10D -- 10D 10D 8IM 0 7D 3D 2D 5D 0           2AT                                                                              alpha,alpha, 0.1121 3AL -- 3D -- 7D 7D 1AL 0 2D 1D 1D 1D 0 2AL                  alpha,6-tetra-                                                                  fluoro-p-tolyl)-                                                                oxy!-alpha-methyl-                                                              1H-benzotriazole-                                                               1-acetate                                                                      Methyl 5- (2- 5.6040 8IM 10D 10D 7D 10D 9D -- 2I 71M 8D 3D 7D -- --                   chloro-alpha, 1.1210 81M 81M 2I 10D 7D 5I 10D 1I 3D 5I 2I 5I -- --         alpha,alpha-tri- 0.5604 71M 81M 3I 7D 7I 5I 7I 2I 2D 3I 2I 5I -- --                 fluoro-p-tolyl)- 0.1121 3I 71M 7I 5I 3AL 3AL 5I 0 1I 0 1I 2CY -- --         oxy!-alpha-methyl-                                                              1H-benzotriazole-                                                               1-acetate                                                                      Methyl 5- (2- 11.2084 7D 10D 7IX 10D 9D1 5DAL 10D 0 5D 4D 3D 4DI -- --             chloro-alpha, 0.1121 0 3AL 3I 2AL 4I 2AL 8I 0 0 0 0 0 -- --                   alpha,alpha-tri- 0.0560 1I 2AL 5I 2I 2I 2D 2I 0 0 2CP 0 1I -- --                       fluoro-p-tolyl)- 0.0112 0 1AL 1I 1I 1I 3I 1AL 0 0 0 0 1D -- --             oxy!-1H-benzo-                                                                triazole-1-                                                                     acetate                                                                  

EXAMPLE 29

Preemergence herbicidal evaluation of test compounds

The preemergence herbicidal activity of the compounds of the present invention is exemplified by the following tests in which the seeds or tubers are pressed into the surface of the potting media in individual sections of an 11×11 inch tray, then covered with approximately 0.25 inch of coarse sand. A solution of the test compound in acetone:methanol:dimethylformamide, 90:8:2 (v/v/v) is sprayed onto the sand surface at a rate equivalent to 561 L per hectare in the manner described above for postemergence testing, then approximately 0.5 inch of water is added to leach the test compound into contact with the seeds, or tubers, and into the potting media. The potting media for preemergence testing was either a blend consisting of 3 parts (by volume) of pasteurized silt loam top soil (ca. 1.5% O.M.) and one part coarse sand or the same as that described for postemergence testing above. The treated trays are placed on greenhouse benches and cared for in accordance with conventional greenhouse procedures. From 2 to 3 weeks after treatment, the trays are examined and rated according to the rating scale system set forth above. The herbicidal prociency of the active ingredients of the present invention is evident from the test results which are recorded in Table II below. When more than one test is involved for a given compound, the data are averaged.

    TABLE II                                                                          -   Prick Jimson Sickle Lambs Sesb Velvet Morning Nuts Fox Jhnsn  Barn  S      oy                                                                               Compound Rate sida weed pod quart ania leaf gly edge tail grass Oats           yardgr Corn beans                                                                Methyl 6- (2- 5.6040 10D 10D 10D 10I 10D 10D 10D 10D 10D 10I 8D 10D 10D 1      0I                                                                               chloro-alpha, 1.1210 10I 10D 9D 10I 10D 71M 81M 9D 10D 10D 3D 10D 10D          10I                                                                              alpha,alpha-tri- 0.5604 5AL 10D 10D 9I 10D 7DZ 81M 61M 10D 8D 0 8D 10D         9I                                                                               fluoro-p-tolyl)- 0.1121 4AIL 71M 2D 7I 10D 3AIL 41M 0 4I 5DI 0 3ICY 8IM        8I                                                                               oxy!-alpha- 0.0560 0 9I 1D 8I 5I 3I 5AL 0 3I 7D 2I 2I 9I 8I                     methyl-1H-benzo- 0.0112 6ICY 5ICY 0 7I 2I 1I 2I 0 1I 4I 0 2ID 6ICY 7I             triazole-1- 0.0056 1I 1CY 0 5I 0 0 2CP 0 2I 2I 2I 0 1CY 5I                    acetate 0.0011 0 0 0 2CY 0 0 1CP 0 0 0 1I 0 0 2CY                              Methyl 6- (2- 1.1210 10D -- 8I -- 10D 10D 10D 10D 9D 10D 10D 10D 10D 7IM         chloro-alpha, 0.1121 2I -- 3I -- 5D 5I 2AL 0 1I 1I 1D 2CY 0 1I                  alpha,alpha,6- 0.0112 1I -- 3I -- 0 2I 1I 0 1I 1I 1I 2I 0 2I                    tetrafluoro-p-                                                                  tolyl)oxy!-alpha-                                                               methyl-1H-benzo-                                                                triazole-1-                                                                     acetate                                                                        Methyl 6- (2- 11.2108 10I 10I 10D 10I 10D 10D 10D 10D 9DI 10D 9DIM 10D          -- --                                                                            chloro-alpha,                                                                   alpha,alpha-                                                                    trifluoro-p-                                                                    tolyl)oxy!-1H-                                                                  benzotriazole-                                                                  1-acetate                                                                      Methyl 5- (2- 5.6040 10I -- 10D -- 10D 10D 9I 0 10D 8D 2D 3D 1CP 5AL                 chloro-alpha, 2.2417 9DZ -- 10D -- 10D 10D 7IM 0 5I 2D 2D 2CY 1CY          2I                                                                               alpha,alpha,6- 1.1208 7D -- 5I -- 5I 7I 3AL 0 3D 1I 0 2CY 1CP 1I                       tetrafluoro-p-                                                           tolyl)oxy!-alpha-                                                               methyl-2H-benzo-                                                                triazole-1-                                                                     acetate                                                                        Methyl 5- (2- 5.6040 8IM 10DI 1I 10I 8DIM 6IM 7IM 1I 10D 9D 2ICY 9D --          --                                                                               chloro-alpha, 2.2417 5IM 9D 0 10I 7I 3I 2I 0 10D 9D 0 10D -- --                         alpha,alpha- 1.1208 4IM 6IM 0 6I 5I 1I 2ICP 0 7D 5DCI 0 5D --          --                                                                               trifluoro-p- 0.5604 5I 2AL 0 10I 3I 0 0 0 8D 6D 0 3D -- --                      tolyl)oxy!- 0.1121 2I 2AL 0 10I 1I 0 1CP -- 2AL 3I 0 0 -- --                    alpha-methyl-                                                                   2H-benzotria-                                                                   zole-1-acetate                                                                 Methyl 5- (2- 1.1208 5I -- 0 -- 0 3I 2CP 0 3I 1I 2I 1I 0 0                       chloro-alpha, 0.5604 2I -- 0 -- 0 3I 0 2I 1I 2I 1D 1D 1I 0                      alpha,alpha,6- 0.1121 1I -- 1I -- 1I 1CY 0 2I 2I 2I 1D 2D 1I 2I                         tetrafluoro-p-                                                          tolyl)oxy!-alpha-                                                               methyl-1H-benzo-                                                                triazole-1-                                                                     acetate                                                                        Methyl 5- (2- 5.6040 81M 91M 8I 9I 9I 8IM 9I 3I 7I 8I 3I 5D -- --                       chloro-alpha, 1.1208 2I 5AL 0 8I 1I 1AL 2CP 1D 3I 3I 0 0 -- --             alpha,alpha-tri- 0.5604 0 5AL 0 2VY 0 2I 2D 1D 3I 3I 1D 0 -- --                     fluoro-p-tolyl)- 0.1121 0 2AL 2CY 0 2I 0 2I 1D 3I 5I 0 0 -- --               oxy!-alpha-methyl-                                                           1H-benzotriazo1e-                                                               1-acetate                                                                      Methyl 5- (2- 11.2084 4I 10D 7I 10I 3I 61 4I 3ICY 9D 6IAIM 0 5IAIM -- --         chloro-alpha, 0.1121 7IM 5AL 1I 7I 1CY 5IM 0 0 1D 0 2D 1I -- --                         alpha,alpha- 0.0560 5AL 3AL 0 7I 0 3IM 0 0 0 0 1D 2I -- --                   trifluoro-p- 0.0112 2AL 2AL 1CY 2CY 0 2I 0 0 2I 0 1D 3I -- --                   tolyl)oxy!-1H-                                                             benzotriazole-                                                                  1-acetate                                                                 

What is claimed is:
 1. A process for the preparation of a compound having the structure: ##STR40## wherein M is C--X, N or N⁺ --O;W, X, Y and Z each independently represent hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁ -C₄ haloalkyl or C₁ -C₄ haloalkoxy; R and R₁ are each independently hydrogen or C₁ -C₄ alkyl or when taken together R and R₁ may form a ring in which RR₁ are represented by the structure --(CH₂)_(n) -- where n is an integer of 2, 3, 4 or 5; R₉ is C₁ -C₄ alkyl;and when R₁ is C₁ -C₄ alkyl, the optical isomer thereof, which comprises reacting a compound having the structure: ##STR41## wherein B is halogen with 1.0 to 2.0 molar equivalents of a compound having the structure: ##STR42## wherein R, R₁ and R₉ are as described hereinabove in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide at a temperature of about 80° C. to 150° C. to form 6-benzyloxy-2-(substituted)-amino-nitrobenzene, removing the dimethyl sulfoxide from and hydrogenating said nitrobenzene intermediate in the presence of Raney nickel and a solvent selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran and a lower alkanol to form 6-benzyloxy-2-(substituted)-aminoaniline, isolating and reacting said aniline with about 1.0 to 1.1 molar equivalents of aqueous nitrous acid at a temperature of about 5° C. to 10° C. to form a reaction mixture, heating the reaction mixture to form 6-benzyloxy-1H-benzotriazole-α,α(disubstituted)-1-acetaldehyde dialkyl acetal, catalytically hydrogenating said 6-benzyloxy-1H-benzotriazole in the presence of palladium on carbon and a suitable solvent, isolating and reacting the resultant 6-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole with about 1.0 to 2.0 molar equivalents of a compound having the structure: ##STR43## wherein B is halogen and M, W, Y and Z are as described hereinabove in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide at a temperature of about 20° C. to 100° C. to form the compound having the structure IA.
 2. A process for the preparation of a compound having the structure: ##STR44## wherein R and R₁ are each independently hydrogen or C₁ -C₄ alkyl or when taken together R and R₁ may form a ring in which RR₁ are represented by the structure --(CH₂)_(n) -- where n is an integer of 2, 3, 4 or 5; R₉ is C₁ -C₄ alkyl, which comprises reacting a compound having the structure: ##STR45## wherein B is halogen with 1.0 to 2.0 molar equivalents of a compound having the structure: ##STR46## wherein R, R₁ and R₉ are as described hereinabove in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide at a temperature of about 80° C. to 150° C. to form 6-benzyloxy-2-(substituted)-amino-nitrobenzene, removing the dimethyl sulfoxide from and hydrogenating said nitrobenzene intermediate in the presence of Raney nickel and a solvent selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran and a lower alkanol to form 6-benzyloxy-2-(substituted)-aminoaniline, isolating and reacting said aniline with about 1.0 to 1.1 molar equivalents of aqueous nitrous acid at a temperature of about 5° C. to 10° C. to form a reaction mixture, heating the reaction mixture to form 6-benzyloxy-1H-benzotriazole-α,α(disubstituted)-1-acetaldehyde dialkyl acetal and catalytically hydrogenating said 6-benzyloxy-1H-benzotriazole in the presence of palladium on carbon and a suitable solvent to form the compound having the structure IB. 